可以使用ALTER SYSTEM命令动态修改PDB,如果当前容器是PDB,那么可以执行以下命令。
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH { SHARED_POOL | BUFFER_CACHE | FLASH_CACHE };ALTER SYSTEM {ENABLE | DISABLE} RESTRICTED SESSION;ALTER SYSTEM SET USE_STORED_OUTLINES;ALTER SYSTEM {SUSPEND | RESUME};ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT;ALTER SYSTEM CHECK DATAFILES;ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER;ALTER SYSTEM {KILL | DISCONNECT} SESSION;ALTER SYSTEM SET 初始化参数
对于修改的初始化参数,若表v$system_parameter中的字段ISPDB_MODIFIABLE='TRUE',说明在PDB级别可以修改,并不会影响CDB的参数值。
SQL> desc v$system_parameter;Name Null? Type----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------NUM NUMBERNAME VARCHAR2(80)TYPE NUMBERVALUE VARCHAR2(4000)DISPLAY_VALUE VARCHAR2(4000)DEFAULT_VALUE VARCHAR2(255)ISDEFAULT VARCHAR2(9)ISSES_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(5)ISSYS_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(9)ISPDB_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(5)ISINSTANCE_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(5)ISMODIFIED VARCHAR2(8)ISADJUSTED VARCHAR2(5)ISDEPRECATED VARCHAR2(5)ISBASIC VARCHAR2(5)DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(255)UPDATE_COMMENT VARCHAR2(255)HASH NUMBERCON_ID NUMBERSQL> select count(*) from v$system_parameter where ISPDB_MODIFIABLE='TRUE';COUNT(*)
----------222SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL>
在数据库级别修改PDB
在数据库基本修改PDB,主要是使用ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE 命令。
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 21:13:10 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0SQL> show con_name;CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 open;Pluggable database altered.SQL>
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 open read only;Pluggable database altered.SQL>
在线查看数据库文件,代码如下:
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> alter session set container=CNDBAPDB22 ;Session altered.SQL> alter session set container=CNDBAPDB2;Session altered.SQL> alter pluggable database datafile '/u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/cndba01.dbf' online;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO
SQL> select name from v$datafile;NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/system01.dbf
/u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/sysaux01.dbf
/u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/undotbs01.dbf
/u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/cndba01.dbfSQL>
修改默认表空间,代码如下:
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE cndba_tbs;ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE cndba_temp;
设置PDB的存储大小,代码如下:
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE STORAGE (MAXSIZE 20G);ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE STORAGE (MAXSIZE UNLIMITED);ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE STORAGE UNLIMITED;
设置强制记录日志,代码如下:
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE NOLOGGING;ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ENABLE FORCE LOGGING;
启动/关闭PDB
打开模式:
- OPEN READ WRITE
读写模式,允许用户进行读写操作
- OPEN READ ONLY
只读模式,只允许用户读取数据,无法写数据
- OPEN MIGRATE
当前模式,可以执行升级脚本操作(ALTER DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE)
- MOUNT
不允许进行任何修改操作,只允许数据库管理员访问,无法读取/修改数据文件。此时内存中关于PDB的信息会被移除,可以进行冷备份。
打开PDB
OPEN READ WRITE
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> STARTUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE CNDBAPDB2 OPEN READ WRITE;
Pluggable Database opened.
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 open read write;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 open;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
OPEN READ ONLY
SQL>
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 open READ ONLY;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 READ ONLY NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> STARTUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE CNDBAPDB2 OPEN READ ONLY;
Pluggable Database opened.
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 READ ONLY NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb2 close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
OPEN MIGRATE(以升级脚本的模式打开)
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 21:49:44 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE cndbapdb OPEN UPGRADE;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MIGRATE YES6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
SQL> alter pluggable database cndbapdb close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
同时打开/关闭多个PDB
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> STARTUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE CNDBAPDB2,CNDBAPDB3,CNDBAPDB OPEN READ WRITE;
Pluggable Database opened.
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB READ WRITE NO6 CNDBAPDB3 READ WRITE NO7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database CNDBAPDB2,CNDBAPDB3,CNDBAPDB close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database CNDBAPDB2,CNDBAPDB3,CNDBAPDB OPEN READ WRITE;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB READ WRITE NO6 CNDBAPDB3 READ WRITE NO7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database CNDBAPDB2,CNDBAPDB3,CNDBAPDB close immediate;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
打开所有的PDB和关闭所有的PDB
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN READ WRITE;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 READ WRITE NO5 CNDBAPDB READ WRITE NO6 CNDBAPDB3 READ WRITE NO7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 MOUNTED4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
除了CNDBAPDB4_FRESH(只能只读模式打开)外,打开其他PDB,
SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 MOUNTED4 PDB2 MOUNTED5 CNDBAPDB MOUNTED6 CNDBAPDB3 MOUNTED7 CNDBAPDB2 MOUNTED8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT CNDBAPDB4_FRESH OPEN READ WRITE;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs;CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO4 PDB2 READ WRITE NO5 CNDBAPDB READ WRITE NO6 CNDBAPDB3 READ WRITE NO7 CNDBAPDB2 READ WRITE NO8 CNDBAPDB4_FRESH MOUNTED
SQL>
保存当前PDB的打开状态
## 保存一个PDB的打开状态
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CNDBAPDB SAVE STATE;## 保存所有PDB的打开状态
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL SAVE STATE;## 保存多个PDB的打开状态。
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CNDBAPDB,CNDBAPDB2 SAVE STATE;## 除了CNDBAPDB4_FRESH外,打开其他PDB状态,ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT CNDBAPDB4_FRESH SAVE STATE;
关闭PDB
alter pluggable database cndbapdb close immediate;SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
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