package Collections;
public class text1 {
public static void main(String[]args){A a=new A();System.out.println(A.m);
}
}
class A{static {System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");m=300;}static int m=100;public A(){System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");}
}
输出:
A类静态代码块初始化
A类的无参构造初始化
100
为什么最终输出的m值为100呢?
分析如下:
首先类进行加载和链接,如下所示:
注:在链接阶段的准备工作时,编译器会为类变量赋默认值为0,即此时的m为0
链接完毕后进行类的初始化,这一过程将会执行类构造器()方法,将类中所有类变量的赋值语句以及静态代码块中的语句收集和合并:
() {System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");m=300;m=100;}
第二条m的赋值语句,覆盖了第一条的300,因此最终输出为100
package Collections;import static Collections.Son.m;public class text1 {static {System.out.println("Main类被加载");}
public static void main(String[]args) throws ClassNotFoundException {Son son=new Son();
}
}
class Father{static int a=10;static{System.out.println("Father类被加载");}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {System.out.println("子类被加载");m= 300;
}static int m =100;static final int M = 1;
}
输出:
Main类被加载
Father类被加载
子类被加载
package Collections;import static Collections.Son.m;public class text1 {static {System.out.println("Main类被加载");}
public static void main(String[]args) throws ClassNotFoundException {Class.forName("Collections.Son");
}
}
class Father{static int a=10;static{System.out.println("Father类被加载");}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {System.out.println("子类被加载");m= 300;
}static int m =100;static final int M = 1;
}
输出:
Main类被加载
Father类被加载
子类被加载
当访问一个静态域时,只有真正声明这个域的类才会被初始化,如:当通过子类引用父类的静态变量,不会导致子类初始化。
举例:
package Collections;import static Collections.Son.m;public class text1 {static {System.out.println("Main类被加载");}
public static void main(String[]args) throws ClassNotFoundException {System.out.println(Son.a);
}
}
class Father{static int a=10;static{System.out.println("Father类被加载");}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {System.out.println("子类被加载");m= 300;
}static int m =100;static final int M = 1;
}
输出:
Main类被加载
Father类被加载
10
通过数组定义类引用,不会触发此类的初始化:
举例:
package Collections;import static Collections.Son.m;public class text1 {static {System.out.println("Main类被加载");}
public static void main(String[]args) throws ClassNotFoundException {Son[] arry=new Son[5];
}
}
class Father{static int a=10;static{System.out.println("Father类被加载");}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {System.out.println("子类被加载");m= 300;
}static int m =100;static final int M = 1;
}
输出:
Main类被加载
引用常量不会触发此类的初始化(常量在链接阶段就存入调用类的常量池中了)
举例:
package Collections;import static Collections.Son.m;public class text1 {static {System.out.println("Main类被加载");}
public static void main(String[]args) throws ClassNotFoundException {System.out.println(Son.M);
}
}
class Father{static int a=10;static{System.out.println("Father类被加载");}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {System.out.println("子类被加载");m= 300;
}static int m =100;static final int M = 1;
}
输出:
Main类被加载
1